What is the primary function of cilia on epithelial cells?

Cilia on epithelial cells play a crucial role in the movement of substances. These microscopic, hair-like structures beat in coordinated waves, facilitating the transportation of materials across the epithelial surface. This is particularly significant in various systems of the body. For instance, in the respiratory tract, cilia help expel mucus and trapped particles, aiding in the clearance of debris and pathogens, which is essential for maintaining respiratory health.

While other functions like absorption, secretion, and protection are important roles of epithelial tissues, they are not the primary function of cilia. Cilia's predominant purpose lies in their ability to create movement, ensuring that substances such as mucus, fluids, and even eggs in the reproductive system are transported efficiently. This specialized function highlights the unique adaptation of epithelial cells in different organ systems, where cilia are essential for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating physiological processes.