What is the role of glucagon?

Glucagon plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood glucose levels, particularly in situations where they drop too low. It is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. The primary function of glucagon is to increase blood glucose levels when they are insufficient for the body's needs. It does this through several mechanisms, including stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, a process known as glycogenolysis, and promoting gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

In moments of fasting or intense physical activity, glucagon is released to ensure that the body has enough glucose available for energy, especially for vital organs like the brain. This increase in blood glucose is essential for maintaining normal physiological functions and energy levels, particularly when food intake is not immediately available.

On the other hand, the other options relate to functions that do not accurately define the role of glucagon. For example, decreasing blood glucose levels is the primary role of insulin, while converting glucose to glycogen is also an action associated with insulin. Additionally, stimulating insulin production is not a function of glucagon; rather, glucagon and insulin serve as opposing forces in the regulation of blood sugar, maintaining balance in the body’s metabolism