Which gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system due to its crucial role in regulating a wide array of bodily functions through the release of hormones that control other endocrine glands. It is located at the base of the brain and functions as a key regulator of the hormonal balance in the body.

This gland produces hormones that directly stimulate other glands to release their own hormones. For instance, it secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which prompts the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which directs the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Additionally, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone, which influences growth and metabolism, along with prolactin, which plays a role in lactation.

Thus, its central role in the endocrine system underscores its title as the "master gland," as it orchestrates the activity of other glands and hormones throughout the body, ensuring regulation and homeostasis of various physiological processes.